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Choosing Microphones

Constructionally there are three types. Dynamic, Ribbon and Condenser/Electret.

Dynamic - essentially a loudspeaker in reverse.

Ribbon - also a dynamic but the cone is replaced by a thin metal ribbon.

Condenser/Electret - the diaphragm is one plate of a condenser and sound waves modulate an applied voltage. This to be used with some form of power supply.

It is virtually impossible to overload a dynamic mike though condensers, all with built in amplifiers, can 'break up'. Impedance matching is important. Hi-Z (impedance) microphones should only be used with short cable lengths as this can lead to cable microphonics and high frequency loss. Most installations use low-Z mikes as these avoid the deterioration problems, and if the mike system is balanced it will also prevent pickup of hums and crackles. Finally microphones have different acceptance patterns. An omni will pick up sound from all directions, whereas a cardioid pickup is heart shaped. There are also other specialised patterns, notably the ribbon mike which is figure of eight, i.e., cardioid type front and back.

If you are only using a few mikes then omnis are best - they deliver pretty much what is expected, close up or far away. For the one man studio, or where natural acoustic separation is possible, these are a good way to start. For more complex miking and achieving good isolation between different instruments, cardioids are the choice. Their directional characteristics can eliminate unwanted sounds by pointing the mike in the right direction.

There are, however, several pointers towards their use;
Present effect - when used in close the cardioid mike tends to boost low frequencies. Some manufacturers include a bass roll off filter switch in the design, while on the other hand the effect can be used to an advantage.

Moving Sources - frequency response off the cardioid axis tends to vary. Singers and instruments that move when being played are sometimes better in front of an omni.

Popping - directional mikes are sensitive to wind noises and explosive sounds. An effective remedy is the use of a windshield.

Peaking Capsules - some microphones have a pleasant sound mid/high frequency boost in their response, which is useful on certain sounds.

Nobody owns all the microphones they would like all at once. Start with a few general purpose types and build your locker as you find the need for specialised types.

Click here to view our range of microphones.